doc/nuc/transmission-bt.md

# transmission-bt

BitTorrent client in an unprivileged Incus container on `nuc`, with an
**always-on VPN**: all peer traffic exits via ks4's public IP through a
WireGuard tunnel to the `wireguard` container on ks4. Kill switch by
construction — `eth0` has **no default route**, so with the tunnel down
the container simply has no path to the internet.

- Image: `images:ubuntu/24.04`, IP: `192.168.0.7` (macvlan, static via netplan)
- Web UI: `http://192.168.0.7:9091` — no auth
  (`rpc-authentication-required: false`); access control is the RPC
  whitelist (`192.168.0.*` only)
- Egress: WG peer `10.8.0.21` → `193.70.35.17:51845`, `AllowedIPs 0.0.0.0/0`
  (verified: `curl ifconfig.me` from the container returns ks4's IP)
- Downloads: `/media/downloads` (= `usb4t/media`, same dataset Jellyfin
  reads); in-progress files in `/media/.incomplete` so Jellyfin never
  scans partials
- `transmission-daemon` is `BindsTo=wg-quick@wg0.service` and binds
  peer traffic to `10.8.0.21` — three independent layers against leaks
  (no default route, unit binding, socket binding)

## Anti-leak design

1. netplan gives `eth0` only: LAN `/24` (web UI + DNS via blocky) and a
   `/32` host route to the WG endpoint via the home gateway.
2. `wg-quick` full-tunnel mode adds its fwmark policy routing +
   iptables anti-leak rule (`iptables` package required — its absence
   makes `wg-quick` fail with `iptables-restore: command not found`).
3. LAN traffic keeps working thanks to wg-quick's
   `suppress_prefixlength 0` rule (connected routes win over the
   tunnel's default).

## Install script

Run as root on the Incus host. Requires the peer added on ks4 (below).

```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euxo pipefail

CNAME="${CNAME:-transmission-bt}"
IMAGE="${IMAGE:-images:ubuntu/24.04}"

incus launch "$IMAGE" "$CNAME"
sleep 8
incus config set "$CNAME" environment.DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
incus exec "$CNAME" -- timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Paris

# static LAN config, NO default route (kill switch), /32 to the WG endpoint
incus exec "$CNAME" -- bash -c 'cat > /etc/netplan/10-lxc.yaml <<EOF
network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      addresses: [192.168.0.7/24]
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.0.254]
      routes:
        - to: 193.70.35.17/32
          via: 192.168.0.2
EOF
chmod 600 /etc/netplan/10-lxc.yaml
netplan apply'

# packages need a temporary default route (removed right after)
incus exec "$CNAME" -- ip route add default via 192.168.0.2
incus exec "$CNAME" -- apt-get update
incus exec "$CNAME" -- apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    transmission-daemon wireguard-tools iptables curl
incus exec "$CNAME" -- ip route del default via 192.168.0.2

# WireGuard full tunnel (generate key, print pubkey for the ks4 side)
incus exec "$CNAME" -- bash -c 'umask 077
wg genkey > /etc/wireguard/wg0.key
wg pubkey < /etc/wireguard/wg0.key
cat > /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf <<EOF
[Interface]
Address = 10.8.0.21/24
PrivateKey = $(cat /etc/wireguard/wg0.key)

[Peer]
# wireguard container on ks4 — ALL traffic routes through it
PublicKey = TVs6d7bXTvJ0ZluTLb8wR+zIrsLvkH1944pzM+3dZXM=
Endpoint = 193.70.35.17:51845
AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0
PersistentKeepalive = 25
EOF'
incus exec "$CNAME" -- systemctl enable --now wg-quick@wg0

# media share (same dataset as jellyfin-server)
incus config device add "$CNAME" media disk source=/srv/media path=/media shift=true
incus exec "$CNAME" -- mkdir -p /media/downloads /media/.incomplete
incus exec "$CNAME" -- chown debian-transmission:debian-transmission \
    /media/downloads /media/.incomplete

# transmission config (edit only while the daemon is stopped)
incus exec "$CNAME" -- systemctl stop transmission-daemon
incus exec "$CNAME" -- bash -c '
cd /var/lib/transmission-daemon/.config/transmission-daemon
sed -i \
  -e "s|\"download-dir\":.*|\"download-dir\": \"/media/downloads\",|" \
  -e "s|\"incomplete-dir\":.*|\"incomplete-dir\": \"/media/.incomplete\",|" \
  -e "s|\"incomplete-dir-enabled\":.*|\"incomplete-dir-enabled\": true,|" \
  -e "s|\"rpc-whitelist\":.*|\"rpc-whitelist\": \"127.0.0.1,::1,192.168.0.*\",|" \
  -e "s|\"rpc-authentication-required\":.*|\"rpc-authentication-required\": false,|" \
  -e "s|\"bind-address-ipv4\":.*|\"bind-address-ipv4\": \"10.8.0.21\",|" \
  settings.json'

# transmission lives and dies with the tunnel
incus exec "$CNAME" -- mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/transmission-daemon.service.d
incus exec "$CNAME" -- bash -c 'cat > /etc/systemd/system/transmission-daemon.service.d/vpn.conf <<EOF
[Unit]
BindsTo=wg-quick@wg0.service
After=wg-quick@wg0.service
EOF'
incus exec "$CNAME" -- systemctl daemon-reload
incus exec "$CNAME" -- systemctl start transmission-daemon
incus config set "$CNAME" boot.autostart=true
```

On **ks4** (root), authorize the peer with the pubkey printed above:

```sh
incus exec wireguard -- wg set wg0 peer <PUBKEY> allowed-ips 10.8.0.21/32
incus exec wireguard -- wg-quick save wg0
```

## Verification

```sh
incus exec transmission-bt -- wg show wg0 latest-handshakes   # non-zero timestamp
incus exec transmission-bt -- curl -s https://ifconfig.me     # must print 193.70.35.17
incus exec transmission-bt -- bash -c "ping -c1 -W2 8.8.8.8 || echo kill-switch OK"  # with wg0 down
# web UI must be tested from a LAN machine — the macvlan quirk means the
# nuc host itself cannot reach 192.168.0.7
```

## Notes

- No inbound peer port is forwarded (would need a proxy device on ks4
  + DNAT through the tunnel); torrents work fine outbound-only, just
  connect to fewer peers.
- Jellyfin sees finished downloads under `/media/downloads` — add it as
  a library folder or move files into the movie/show trees.
- The image server check can make `incus launch` hang on slow WAN —
  launching from the cached image fingerprint (`incus image list`)
  bypasses it.